最近 N5105 的 HomeLab Server 负载过高，CPU 长期接近100%，因此新购入一台 N100，将视频和图像相关的服务迁移到 N100，但是发现 Ubuntu 22 默认没有显卡驱动，需要手动安装
检查驱动状态
使用 intel_gpu_top 检查显卡状态，发现提示没有设备，这是因为没有安装驱动导致的
- 安装 intel-gpu-tools
sudo apt install intel-gpu-tools
- 检查状态
intel_gpu_top
No device filter specified and no discrete/integrated i915 devices found
安装驱动
配置软件源
- 安装依赖工具
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y gpg-agent wget
- 添加 Intel 软件源
运行以下命令，将 Intel 软件源添加到 apt 的配置中并更新
. /etc/os-release
if [[ ! " jammy " =~ " ${VERSION_CODENAME} " ]]; then
echo "Ubuntu version ${VERSION_CODENAME} not supported"
else
wget -qO - https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/intel-graphics.key | \
sudo gpg --yes --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/intel-graphics.gpg] https://repositories.intel.com/gpu/ubuntu ${VERSION_CODENAME}/lts/2350 unified" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-gpu-${VERSION_CODENAME}.list
sudo apt update
fi
安装驱动
安装依赖的软件和显卡驱动
sudo apt install -y \
linux-headers-$(uname -r) \
linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r) \
flex bison \
intel-fw-gpu intel-i915-dkms xpu-smi
- 重启系统
安装完成后重启系统
sudo reboot
安装计算和媒体软件包
- 计算和媒体运行时的软件包
这些软件用于 OpenCL、硬件加速编解码、媒体 SDK 等；部分视频软件需要用到
sudo apt install -y \
intel-opencl-icd intel-level-zero-gpu level-zero \
intel-media-va-driver-non-free libmfx1 libmfxgen1 libvpl2 \
libigdgmm12 vainfo hwinfo clinfo
配置用户组
检查用户访问权限
用户必须加入特定组才能访问 GPU 的某些功能，渲染组专门允许访问渲染任务的 GPU 资源
stat -c "%G" /dev/dri/render*
groups ${USER}
输出以下信息说明已经有权限访问
render
root : root
添加访问权限
如果当前用户没有权限，可以通过以下命令添加
- 添加渲染节点组权限
sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} render
- 修改 shell 权限组
将用户的有效组 ID 更改为 render 组
newgrp render
验证
验证 i915 驱动
使用 hwinfo 验证
hwinfo --display
输出以下内容
25: PCI 02.0: 0300 VGA compatible controller (VGA)
[Created at pci.386]
Unique ID: _Znp.i4vzlYvwb6C
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0
SysFS BusID: 0000:00:02.0
Hardware Class: graphics card
Device Name: "Onboard - Video"
Model: "Intel VGA compatible controller"
Vendor: pci 0x8086 "Intel Corporation"
Device: pci 0x46d1
SubVendor: pci 0x8086 "Intel Corporation"
SubDevice: pci 0x7270
Driver: "i915"
Driver Modules: "i915"
Memory Range: 0x6000000000-0x6000ffffff (rw,non-prefetchable)
Memory Range: 0x4000000000-0x400fffffff (ro,non-prefetchable)
I/O Ports: 0x3000-0x303f (rw)
Memory Range: 0x000c0000-0x000dffff (rw,non-prefetchable,disabled)
IRQ: 142 (130402731 events)
Module Alias: "pci:v00008086d000046D1sv00008086sd00007270bc03sc00i00"
Driver Info #0:
Driver Status: i915 is active
Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe i915"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Primary display adapter: #25
检查 GPU 硬件信息
使用 xpu-smi 检查 GPU 的信息
sudo xpu-smi discovery -d 0
输出 GPU 的信息：
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Device ID | Device Information |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | Device Type: GPU |
| | Device Name: Intel(R) UHD Graphics |
| | PCI Device ID: 0x46d1 |
| | Vendor Name: Intel(R) Corporation |
| | SOC UUID: 00000000-0000-0200-0000-000046d18086 |
| | Serial Number: unknown |
| | Core Clock Rate: 750 MHz |
| | Stepping: A0 |
| | SKU Type: N/A |
| | |
| | Driver Version: I915_23.10.49_PSB_231129.51 |
| | Kernel Version: 5.15.0-113-generic |
| | GFX Firmware Name: GFX |
| | GFX Firmware Version: unknown |
| | GFX Firmware Status: unknown |
| | |
| | PCI BDF Address: 0000:00:02.0 |
| | PCI Slot: N/A |
| | PCIe Generation: -1 |
| | PCIe Max Link Width: -1 |
| | |
| | Memory Physical Size: 0.00 MiB |
| | Max Mem Alloc Size: 4095.99 MiB |
| | ECC State: N/A |
| | Number of Memory Channels: N/A |
| | Memory Bus Width: N/A |
| | Max Hardware Contexts: 65536 |
| | Max Command Queue Priority: 0 |
| | |
| | Number of EUs: 32 |
| | Number of Tiles: 1 |
| | Number of Slices: 1 |
| | Number of Sub Slices per Slice: 2 |
| | Number of Threads per EU: 7 |
| | Physical EU SIMD Width: 8 |
| | Number of Media Engines: 1 |
| | Number of Media Enhancement Engines: 1 |
| | |
| | Number of Xe Link ports: N/A |
| | Max Tx/Rx Speed per Xe Link port: N/A |
| | Number of Lanes per Xe Link port: N/A |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
检查 GPU 使用情况
intel_gpu_top
会输出当前 GPU 的使用情况
ntel-gpu-top: 8086:46d1 @ /dev/dri/card0 - 253/ 252 MHz; 77% RC6; 109 irqs/s
ENGINES BUSY MI_SEMA MI_WAIT
Render/3D 6.50% |████ | 0% 0%
Blitter 0.00% | | 0% 0%
Video 16.39% |██████████ | 0% 0%
VideoEnhance 4.07% |██▌ | 0% 0%